How does finance serve the structural reform of agricultural supply side?

Yucheng is an important grain producing area and agricultural product processing area in Shijiazhuang City, and is in an important period of promoting structural reform of the agricultural supply side. The People's Bank of China Yucheng Sub-branch carried out a special investigation on the structural reform of the financial services agriculture supply side, and proposed the following countermeasures and suggestions on the problems faced in the development.

In response to the practice of structural reform of the supply side of financial services agriculture, Wucheng District has made the following five demonstrations.

First, take effective measures to encourage and guide investment in agriculture-related credit. Wucheng District has successively issued a number of policy documents such as the “Management Measures for Small and Medium-sized Micro-Enterprises' Guaranteed Loan Loans in Wucheng District”, which greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of financial institutions and the loan scale maintained rapid growth.

Second, we will continue to increase the credit supply in key areas of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and support the moderate scale operation of modern agriculture. The agriculture-related financial institutions in Weicheng District have increased their support for large grain producers, grain reserve enterprises and leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization, and have better met the diversified financial needs of farmers.

The third is to leverage the leverage of financial funds to explore the establishment of a loan risk compensation mechanism and a venture guarantee fund. In order to effectively solve the problem of difficult loans and guarantees for small and micro enterprises, Wucheng District issued the “Measures for the Management of Small and Medium-sized Micro-Enterprises' Helping Loan Loans in Wucheng District”. The district finance funded 10 million yuan to set up a loan guarantee fund, and the construction bank enlarged 10 times. The enterprises in the “small and medium-sized micro-enterprise pool” issued loans; the “Implementation Plan for the Business Guarantee Loan in Weicheng District” was issued, and the district finance invested 2 million yuan as the risk compensation fund, and Hebei Bank enlarged 5 times for the self-employed and partnership entrepreneurs. In the case of a business-guaranteed loan, the loan interest rate does not exceed 3 percentage points on the basis of the benchmark interest rate, and the financial department gives a full discount.

The fourth is to promote the government's "increased trust" to help build beautiful countryside. Wucheng District has successively issued opinions supporting the development of beautiful rural areas. The district government invested 1.1 billion yuan to set up three construction investment companies; set up a loan risk compensation fund of 12 million yuan, and with the Agricultural Development Bank Yucheng Sub-branch and the Construction Bank Yucheng The sub-branch and the Agricultural Bank of China Yucheng Sub-branch signed a strategic cooperation agreement with a credit of 2.352 billion yuan to support the construction of beautiful villages.

Fifth, the electronic channel is a platform, and rural financial services are showing a new atmosphere. The financial institutions in Wucheng District have increased the marketing and deployment of self-service banks and self-service terminal equipment, so that farmers can enjoy convenient and fast modern financial services without leaving their homes.

However, Weicheng District still encountered many problems in the structural reform of the financial services agriculture supply side.

First, credit supply cannot meet the financing needs of “agriculture, rural areas and farmers”. This includes, among other things, the deadlines do not match. Modern agricultural plants, greenhouses, agricultural machinery and equipment have a long input-output cycle, especially for some planting industries that require 3-5 years or even longer. According to the survey, among the 13 banking financial institutions in Xiangcheng District, apart from the three-year agricultural loan provided by Yucheng Credit Union, the village banks and postal banks are mostly short-term loans within one year and less, which is difficult to meet modern Medium and long-term funding needs of agricultural business entities. Second, the credit variety is single. Agricultural loans issued are still dominated by small-scale agricultural loans, and the duration, amount and method of loans are difficult to meet the needs of modern agricultural development. Furthermore, the funding needs do not match the pace of credit approval procedures for financial institutions. Agricultural development is affected by seasonality. The demand for funds has the characteristics of “short, urgent and frequent”. The credit approval procedures of financial institutions are relatively complicated, and it is difficult to provide credit services that are suitable for them.

Second, some financial institutions have approved the credit approval rights, and the “three rural” business is restricted. The state-owned commercial banks have integrated and withdrawn the county branches, and collected the approval authority for credit funds, resulting in the county branch offices only have small pledge loan authority and small amount of personal consumption loan authority, supporting agriculture and rural areas. The role of economic development cannot be effectively exerted.

Third, the financial risk protection mechanism is not perfect. First, there is a lack of mortgage assets. According to the survey, due to the difficulty of landing the relevant supporting system of the local government and the lack of perfect laws and regulations and system guarantees for the “two powers” ​​mortgage loans, the standards for lending by 13 banking financial institutions in the jurisdiction are still traditional mortgage loans, or even only With state-owned land use rights as collateral, no financial institution has opened a “two-rights” mortgage loan business. Second, the agricultural credit guarantee mechanism needs to be improved. At present, local governments have not set up risk guarantee funds specifically for agriculture, which limits the willingness of financial institutions to finance to a certain extent. Third, the agricultural insurance system is absent. According to the survey, the agricultural policy insurances in Wucheng District mainly include wheat, corn planting, fattening pigs, capable sows and dairy cows. Others such as chicken and vegetable cultivation are not covered by insurance, which has pushed up financials to some extent. Institutions assess the risk level of family farms, making it difficult for agricultural loans to release risks through insurance and reinsurance, which has become an important factor for banks to “pay for loans”.

Fourth, the rural financial credit environment is relatively poor. The development of rural economy is relatively lagging behind, and the concept of peasant credit is relatively weak. After operating losses, the behavior of escaping, abolishing, and reliance on debts is widespread. The progress of the selection of credit villages and towns is also relatively slow. Although the Yucheng Rural Credit Union has built a “double base” (basic village committee and grassroots credit cooperatives) as a starting point, due to many reasons such as the large agricultural population and the complicated information of collecting farmers, so far, Yucheng only A village has been rated as a credit village.

In response to the problems encountered in the structural reform of the financial services agriculture supply side in Wucheng District, the author gives the following four suggestions.

The first is to strengthen the "window guidance" and guide the funds to the "three rural". Guide financial institutions to conscientiously implement the national monetary policy, optimize the credit structure, focus on strengthening support for new agricultural business entities, and reward financial institutions for credit support, and encourage financial institutions to support the development of “agriculture, rural areas and farmers”. Broaden the field of financial services. All financial institutions must also actively enter the market, enter the customer, and actively market. Through holding bank-enterprise talks, “three rural” knowledge into “financial supermarkets” and other propaganda forms, listen to the opinions and suggestions of rural enterprises, understand the needs of farmers' loans, fulfill financial service functions, and support the development of modern agriculture.

The second is to innovate and diversify rural financial products and service systems to create conditions for financial support for agricultural supply-side structural reforms. Intensify the innovation of rural financial products and service methods, and speed up the formulation of various types of property rights collateral loan management systems in rural areas, including large-scale grain farmers, professional cooperative organizations, leading enterprises, etc., which are transferred to land for transfer management mortgage loans, rural mortgage loans. , large-scale agricultural production equipment mortgage loans, etc. At the same time, a competitive rural financial organization system is established to provide organizational guarantee for financial support for land transfer.

The third is to actively explore the establishment of a decentralized rural financial risk mechanism. First of all, local governments and departments at all levels should jointly fund the establishment of a small-scale agricultural loan guarantee fund for compensation for losses caused by natural disasters, while providing guarantees for some small-scale agricultural loans. Secondly, on the basis of the farmer's joint guarantee, a loan guarantee intermediary agency specializing in “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” should be established to enhance the confidence of financial institutions in the “three rural” loans. The state will also give some financial interest subsidies to the losses caused by the microfinance of farmers, and introduce certain preferential policies, reduce business tax and income tax, and improve its risk tolerance and disposal capacity.

The fourth is to establish an incentive mechanism combining the “inclusive policy” and social insurance to promote the structural reform of the supply side of agriculture. The central and provincial financial departments shall establish a special loan loss guarantee or compensation mechanism without local financial support; the insurance department shall establish “two-rights” mortgage insurance products within the framework of current laws and regulations to reduce the issuance of “two rights” mortgages by financial institutions. The risk of the loan.